See dumati on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dúmacʹ",
"word": "ду́маць"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dúmatʹ",
"word": "ду́мать"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dúmaty",
"word": "ду́мати"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "dumati",
"word": "думати"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dúmam",
"sense": "I say",
"word": "ду́мам"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "duma",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "дума"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to think, to dream (of)",
"word": "ду̏мати"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to think, to dream (of)",
"word": "dȕmati"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to muse",
"word": "dumat"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "dumać"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Southern Greater Poland",
"Śmigiel"
],
"word": "domać"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "dumać"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "dumać"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "dumac",
"word": "думац"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "dumať"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "to think, to suppose",
"word": "dõmât"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*dʰewh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰewh₂-"
],
[
"*duti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duti"
],
[
"*dymъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dymъ"
],
[
"*dōmijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōmijaną"
],
[
"*duma",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duma"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*duti",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow, to inflate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to judge, think"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin disputed, theory of Germanic borrowing is not confirmed and heavily contested.\nEither from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”) or\na loan from a reflex of Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”), or derived from *duma, nonetheless from Germanic. The exact donor language cannot be ascertained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dumanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "dumati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dumatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "dumalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dumanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dumavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "impf"
},
"expansion": "*dumati impf",
"name": "sla-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dumati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to think"
],
"id": "en-dumati-sla-pro-verb-ci5lfH8k",
"links": [
[
"think",
"think"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dumati"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "dúmacʹ",
"word": "ду́маць"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "dúmatʹ",
"word": "ду́мать"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "dúmaty",
"word": "ду́мати"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "dumati",
"word": "думати"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "dúmam",
"sense": "I say",
"word": "ду́мам"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "duma",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "дума"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to think, to dream (of)",
"word": "ду̏мати"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "to think, to dream (of)",
"word": "dȕmati"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to muse",
"word": "dumat"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "dumać"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Southern Greater Poland",
"Śmigiel"
],
"word": "domać"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "dumać"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "dumać"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rsk",
"roman": "dumac",
"word": "думац"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "dumať"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "to think, to suppose",
"word": "dõmât"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*dʰewh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰewh₂-"
],
[
"*duti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duti"
],
[
"*dymъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dymъ"
],
[
"*dōmijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dōmijaną"
],
[
"*duma",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duma"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*duti",
"3": "",
"4": "to blow, to inflate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dōmijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to judge, think"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "gem",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin disputed, theory of Germanic borrowing is not confirmed and heavily contested.\nEither from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke”), akin to Proto-Slavic *duti (“to blow, to inflate”), *dymъ (“smoke”) or\na loan from a reflex of Proto-Germanic *dōmijaną (“to judge, think”), or derived from *duma, nonetheless from Germanic. The exact donor language cannot be ascertained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dumanьje",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "dumati",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dumatъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "dumalъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dumanъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dumavъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaję",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "duma",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaješi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajetь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumasta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajevě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumašę",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajemъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajǫtь",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaxъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaše",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaji",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaxově",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaašeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajivě",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaxomъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaašete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumaaxǫ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajimъ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dumajite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"a": "impf"
},
"expansion": "*dumati impf",
"name": "sla-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"2": "-1"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dumati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Germanic languages",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n"
],
"glosses": [
"to think"
],
"links": [
[
"think",
"think"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dumati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dumati meaning in All languages combined (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.